María Gertrudis Horens y Aguilar, better known as Concha Espina (1869–1955), was a Spanish novelist, poet, and journalist. She was born in Madrid and studied at the Instituto de Señoritas de la Asunción. She began her literary career in 1891 with the publication of her first novel, La hija del mar. Espina was a prolific writer, publishing over 50 novels, short stories, and plays. She was a major figure in the Spanish literary world, and her works were widely read and admired. She was a member of the Royal Spanish Academy and was awarded the Grand Cross of Alfonso X the Wise in 1929. Espina was a feminist and a strong advocate for women's rights. She was a vocal critic of the Catholic Church and its treatment of women, and she wrote extensively about the need for women to be educated and to have access to the same opportunities as men. Espina died in 1955 in Madrid. Her works remain popular and are still widely read today.
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