Edward Estlin Cummings (October 14, 1894 – September 3, 1962), popularly known as E. E. Cummings, was an American poet, painter, essayist, author, and playwright. He wrote approximately 2,900 poems, two autobiographical novels, four plays, and several essays. He is known for his radical experimentation with form, punctuation, spelling, and syntax, which he described as being "unconventional and avant-garde". His body of work encompasses approximately 10,000 letters and nearly 2,000 drawings and paintings. Cummings was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and grew up in an upper-middle-class family. He attended Harvard University, where he earned a bachelor's degree in 1915 and a master's degree in 1916. After graduating, he worked as a workkeeper and a writer. He was drafted into the U.S. Army in 1917 and served in France during World War I. Cummings' first book of poetry, The Enormous Room, was published in 1922. His second book, Tulips & Chimneys, was published in 1923. His third book, XLI Poems, was published in 1925. His fourth book, Is 5, was published in 1926. His fifth book, ViVa, was published in 1931. His sixth book, No Thanks, was published in 1935. His seventh book, XAIPE, was published in 1951. Cummings was awarded the Bollingen Prize in Poetry in 1958 and the National Book Award in Poetry in 1960. He died in 1962 at the age of 67.
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