François-Marie Arouet (1694–1778), better known by his pen name Voltaire, was a French Enlightenment writer, historian, and philosopher famous for his wit, his criticism of Christianity, especially the Roman Catholic Church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of speech, and separation of church and state. Voltaire wrote more than 20,000 letters and more than 2,000 books and pamphlets. He was an outspoken advocate of social reform and was one of the most influential figures of the Enlightenment. He was a major figure in the French Revolution and was briefly imprisoned and narrowly escaped execution.
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