Read "On Hope and Fear, Etc" by Baruch Spinoza online for free on Textopian. Full text with search, annotations, highlights, and AI-powered reading aids.
We shall now begin to speak of Hope and Fear, of Confidence, Despair, and Vacillation, of Courage, Boldness and Emulation, of Pusillanimity and Timidity, and lastly of Jealousy, and, as is our wont, we shall take them one by one, and then indicate which of these can hinder us, and which can profit us. We shall be able to do all this very easily, if only we attend closely to the thoughts that we can have about a thing that is yet to come, be it good, be it bad.
The ideas which we have about things have reference either