Charles Darwin (1809-1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist best known for his contributions to evolutionary science. He proposed the theory of natural selection, which states that species evolve over time through adaptation to their environment. Darwin's work was instrumental in developing modern evolutionary theory. His major books include "On the Origin of Species" (1859) and "The Descent of Man" (1871). His theories fundamentally changed scientific understanding of biological diversity.
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