Robert Chambers (1802–1871) was a Scottish publisher, writer, and evolutionary theorist. Born in Peebles, he and his brother William founded the publishing house W. & R. Chambers, producer of Chambers's Edinburgh Journal and Chambers's Encyclopaedia. He is best known for anonymously publishing Vestiges of the Natural History of Creation (1844), a controversial work that popularized transmutation and evolutionary ideas well before Darwin's On the Origin of Species (1859); its authorship was only confirmed after his death. He also wrote Traditions of Edinburgh (1824) and edited numerous reference and biographical works, becoming one of the most prolific and commercially successful publisher-authors of Victorian Britain.
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