William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (1868-1963) was an American civil rights activist, sociologist, historian, author, and editor. He was one of the most influential African-American thinkers of the 20th century and a key figure in the civil rights movement. He was the first African-American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University and the first African-American to be awarded a doctorate from any American university. Du Bois was a prolific writer and editor, publishing several books and articles on race, civil rights, and social justice. He was a founding member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and served as its director of publicity and research from 1910 to 1934. He was also a co-founder of the Niagara Movement, a precursor to the NAACP. Du Bois was a vocal advocate for racial equality and economic justice. He was a strong critic of racial segregation and Jim Crow laws, and he argued for the need for African-Americans to gain full civil rights and economic opportunities. He was also a proponent of Pan-Africanism, a movement to unite all people of African descent. Du Bois died in 1963 at the age of 95. He is remembered as a pioneering civil rights leader and a powerful voice for racial justice.
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