John Burroughs (April 3, 1837 – March 29, 1921) was an American naturalist and nature essayist, active in the U.S. conservation movement. The first of his essay collections was Wake-Robin in 1871. In the words of his biographer Edward Renehan, Burroughs' special identity was less that of a scientific naturalist than that of "a literary naturalist with great observational powers and an ability to make a moral and spiritual sense out of his observations." Burroughs was born in Roxbury, New York, and grew up on his family's farm in the Catskill Mountains. He attended college at the University of the City of New York (now New York University) and later taught school in Pennsylvania. He was an avid hiker and traveler, and he wrote about his experiences in nature in a series of books and essays. Burroughs was a friend and mentor to President Theodore Roosevelt, and he was an early advocate of the conservation movement. He was a member of the Boone and Crockett Club, a hunting and conservation organization founded by Roosevelt. He was also a member of the Audubon Society and the Sierra Club. Burroughs wrote more than twenty books and hundreds of essays. His works include Birds and Poets (1877), Locusts and Wild Honey (1879), and Ways of Nature (1905). He was awarded the Gold Medal of the Royal Geographical Society in 1915. He died in 1921 at the age of 83.
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