Ernest Hemingway (1899-1961) was an American novelist, short story writer, and journalist. He was born in Oak Park, Illinois, and raised in a conservative, religious family. He began writing at an early age, and his first novel, The Sun Also Rises, was published in 1926. He went on to write several more novels, including A Farewell to Arms (1929), For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940), and The Old Man and the Sea (1952). He also wrote numerous short stories, many of which were published in his collection Men Without Women (1927). Hemingway was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954. He is widely considered one of the most influential writers of the 20th century.
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