Born on February 1, 1902, in Joplin, Missouri. Mother was a former slave and father abandoned the family before his birth. Raised primarily by maternal grandparents in Lawrence, Kansas. Moved to Cleveland with mother at age six after her remarriage. Attended Central High School in Cleveland. Moved to New York City in 1921 to attend Columbia University but dropped out due to financial difficulties. Worked various jobs while writing poetry and short stories. Published first book of poetry in 1926, which received critical acclaim. Became a prominent figure in the Harlem Renaissance movement. Published numerous collections of poetry throughout his career, including "Fine Clothes to the Jew" (1927) and "Montage of a Dream Deferred" (1951). Also wrote plays, essays, and children's books. Died on May 22, 1967, at age 65 in New York City.
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